Inhaltsverzeichnis
When it comes to electrical installations, choosing the right type of conduit is crucial for ensuring safety, durability, and compliance with industry standards. Among the most commonly used options are LSZH – Low Smoke Zero Halogen conduit and PVC – Polyvinyl Chloride conduit. While both serve the purpose of protecting electrical wiring, they have distinct properties that make them suitable for different applications.
LSZH conduit is designed to minimize the release of toxic gases and smoke in case of fire, making it an ideal choice for enclosed or high-risk environments such as tunnels, public buildings, and transportation infrastructure. On the other hand, PVC conduit is widely used due to its affordability, corrosion resistance, and ease of installation, making it a go-to option for residential, commercial, and industrial electrical systems.
Electrical conduit selection directly impacts safety, environmental sustainability, and long-term system reliability. Factors such as fire resistance, mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and regulatory compliance must be considered when choosing between LSZH and PVC conduit.
In this article, we will explore:
- The key differences between LSZH conduit and PVC conduit pipe
- The advantages and disadvantages of each type
- Their suitability for various applications
- Compliance with safety and environmental standards
- Practical considerations when selecting the right conduit for your project
By the end of this guide, you’ll have a clear understanding of which conduit type best meets your needs, whether you prioritize fire safety, cost-effectiveness, or durability.
Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH) conduit is a type of plastic electrical conduit made from materials that do not contain halogens, such as chlorine, fluorine, bromine, or iodine. Unlike traditional PVC conduit, which can release harmful gases when burned, LSZH conduit is designed to emit minimal smoke and no toxic halogen gases in the event of a fire.
This makes LSZH conduit a preferred choice for applications where fire safety and air quality are critical, such as in enclosed spaces, public buildings, tunnels, and data centers.
Produces significantly less smoke compared to traditional PVC conduit.
Enhances visibility during fire incidents, aiding safe evacuation.
Reduces smoke-related damage to sensitive electronic equipment.
Free from chlorine, fluorine, bromine, and other harmful halogens.
Prevents the formation of corrosive and highly toxic gases that can harm people and damage equipment.
Suitable for enclosed spaces where maintaining air quality is crucial.
Many LSZH conduits are designed to have self-extinguishing properties, preventing flame propagation.
Reduces the risk of fire spreading through electrical systems.
Commonly used in tunnels, hospitals, airports, data centers, commercial buildings, and transportation systems.
Helps meet stringent fire safety regulations and environmental standards in public infrastructure.
Essential for locations with high occupancy or limited ventilation.
LSZH conduit is more environmentally friendly than PVC as it does not release hazardous substances into the air.
Preferred in projects with a focus on green building certifications and sustainability.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) conduit is one of the most widely used electrical conduit types, known for its affordability, durability, and ease of installation. Made from rigid PVC material, this conduit offers excellent insulation, moisture resistance, and corrosion resistance, making it suitable for various electrical applications in residential, commercial, and industrial settings.
PVC conduit is available in different thicknesses and classifications, such as Schedule 40 and Schedule 80, as well as specialized types like DB2 for underground installations. It is commonly used to protect electrical wiring from mechanical damage, environmental factors, and chemical exposure.
One of the most affordable conduit options compared to metal and LSZH conduit.
Readily available in different sizes and types, making it easy to source for various applications.
Lower material and labor costs contribute to cost-effective electrical installations.
Resistant to corrosion, rust, and chemical degradation, making it ideal for wet and corrosive environments.
UV-resistant options are available for outdoor installations exposed to sunlight.
Can withstand various environmental conditions, from underground burial to above-ground use.
Lightweight compared to metal conduit, reducing handling and labor costs.
Can be easily cut, shaped, and joined using solvent cement or threaded fittings.
Requires minimal specialized tools for installation.
Non-conductive material eliminates the risk of electrical shocks and grounding issues.
Fire-resistant versions are available, though standard PVC conduit can emit toxic fumes when burned.
Used in residential, commercial, and industrial electrical systems.
Suitable for above-ground and underground installations, including direct burial and concrete encasement.
Commonly used for solar installations, telecommunications, and HVAC systems.
When choosing between LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen) conduit and PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) conduit, it’s essential to understand their fundamental differences. These materials differ in terms of composition, safety, fire performance, code compliance, installations, and cost etc, which influence their suitability for various applications.
Pro tips: You can read our last post for the LSZH conduit beginner guide first if you are finding it difficult to understand as follow content.
LSZH conduit is made from special thermoplastic or thermoset compounds that do not contain halogens such as chlorine, fluorine, bromine, or iodine. The primary goal of LSZH materials is to minimize toxic emissions and prevent corrosive gas formation when exposed to fire.
LSZH materials are engineered using alternative flame-retardant additives such as:
- Aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)₃) – releases water vapor when heated, which helps suppress flames.
- Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) – provides heat absorption and further reduces smoke production.
- Phosphorus-based compounds – enhance fire resistance while maintaining mechanical flexibility.
These materials do not produce corrosive fumes when burned, making LSZH conduit a safer choice in enclosed spaces, transportation hubs, and critical infrastructure where air quality is a priority.
PVC conduit is made from polyvinyl chloride, a synthetic plastic polymer that contains chlorine. While PVC is inherently flame-resistant due to its self-extinguishing properties, it releases toxic halogen gases such as hydrogen chloride (HCl) when burned.
These gases pose serious health risks, as they can cause severe respiratory irritation and contribute to acidic corrosion when mixed with water. This is a significant concern in sensitive environments like data centers, hospitals, and tunnels, where equipment and human safety are paramount.
- Minimal smoke production – Improves visibility for safe evacuation.
- No toxic halogen gases – Reduces health hazards and prevents damage to electronic equipment.
- Does not produce corrosive acid gases – Prevents long-term structural damage to infrastructure.
- Complies with fire safety standards such as IEC 60754, IEC 61386, and UL 94.
Because of these properties, LSZH conduit is often required in high-risk areas such as subway systems, airports, marine vessels, and telecom facilities where fire hazards must be minimized.
- Naturally flame-retardant – Can self-extinguish when the heat source is removed.
- Releases dense smoke and toxic gases – Increases risks of suffocation and visibility issues.
- Hydrogen chloride emissions – Forms hydrochloric acid when exposed to moisture, leading to severe damage to metal and electrical systems.
- Complies with standards like UL 651 and NEC requirements for general use, but not ideal for critical fire-sensitive applications.
While PVC conduit is acceptable for many electrical installations, it may not be suitable for locations where fire safety, air quality, and human exposure risks are key concerns.
Compliance with industry standards is essential to ensure safety, durability, and performance. Both LSZH and PVC conduits must meet specific regulatory requirements to be used in various electrical installations.
LSZH conduits are primarily regulated under the IEC 61386 standard, which specifies mechanical and electrical performance requirements for conduit systems. With IEC 61386-1 serving as the general performance benchmark, while IEC 61386-21 specifically for rigid conduit and IEC 61386-23 for corrugated conduit.
Under IEC 61386, conduits are classified based on different performance levels, which are indicated by a series of two-digit numbers in the standard.
Hinweise: As to the IEC 61386 standard for electrical conduit, we wrote a post before to explain more details; you can read our last post.
The classification considers:
- By Mechanical Strength (e.g. compression, impact, tensile strength load capacity):
Very light, Light, Medium, Heavy, Very heavy.
- By Flexibility: Rigid and flexible conduit.
- By Flammability: Non-flame propagating and flame propagating.
And other factors such as the ability to withstand low and high temperatures, electrical characteristics, waterproofing, and resistance to corrosion etc.
Performance Requirements:
IEC 61386-1 specifies a range of mechanical, electrical, and environmental tests that LSZH conduits must pass to ensure reliability in electrical installations. Key tests include:
Compression Strength Test:
Measures how much force the conduit can withstand before deforming or failing under pressure.
It involves different forces for different class of conduit:
Impact Resistance Test:
Evaluates the conduit’s ability to absorb mechanical shocks, including tests at low temperatures to ensure resilience in cold environments. And the applied impact mass and height are as shown in the table:
Tensile Strength:
Measures the conduit’s resistance to pulling forces, ensuring it remains intact during cable pulling. A tensile force (pulling force) is applied at a controlled speed until the conduit breaks or elongates beyond acceptable limits.
Profi-Tipps: We explain Details zur Schlagzähigkeit und Zugfestigkeit im letzten Beitrag; Sie können es lesen, wenn Sie an diesem Teil interessiert sind.
Elektrischer Isolationswiderstand:
Stellt sicher, dass die Leitung einen hohen elektrischen Widerstand aufweist, um Kurzschlüsse zu verhindern.
Zwischen der inneren und äußeren Leitungsoberfläche wird eine Hochspannung (z. B. 1000 V bis 2000 V) angelegt.
Die Leitung darf keinen Strom leiten und darf keine Leckagen zulassen.
Brandverhaltenstest:
Bewertet die Reaktion der Leitung auf Feuer. Flammen dürfen sich nicht ausbreiten.
Profi-Tipps: Was Messung der Feuerwiderstandsleistung, wie wir im letzten Beitrag besprochen haben, können Sie es lesen, wenn Sie an diesem Teil interessiert sind.
- Glühdrahtprüfung (IEC 60695-2-11):
Ein 750 °C heißer Glühdraht wird in vertikaler Position auf die Leitung aufgebracht.
Die Leitung ist durchgängig, wenn keine Flamme sichtbar ist oder die Flammen innerhalb von 30 Sekunden von selbst erlöschen.
- kW-Flammentest (IEC 60695-11-2):
Eine 675 mm lange Leitungsprobe wird vertikal montiert und in einem 45°-Winkel einer 1 kW-Flamme ausgesetzt.
Der Test stellt sicher, dass die Flammen innerhalb von 30 Sekunden von selbst erlöschen und darunter liegende Seidenpapiere nicht entzünden.
Es umfasst die Leistung für starre Leitungen, einschließlich metallischer und nichtmetallischer Leitungen.
Wichtige Tests umfassen:
Kompressionstest: Siehe den Test in IEC 61386-1.
Biegeversuch:
Bestimmt Flexibilität und Rissbeständigkeit.
Nichtmetallische Leitungen der Größen 16, 20 und 25 sowie Verbundleitungen werden mit einem Biegegerät geprüft. Nach der Prüfung sollten die Leitungen keine sichtbaren Risse aufweisen und die entsprechende Prüfung bestehen.
Kollapstest:
Der Kollapstest bewertet die mechanische Stabilität von nichtmetallischen und Verbundrohren, insbesondere biegbaren Rohren. Dieser Test stellt sicher, dass das Rohr auch nach Hitzeeinwirkung seinen inneren Durchgang behält und so Verstopfungen verhindert werden, die elektrische Installationen beeinträchtigen könnten.
Das Rohr wird gemäß den Standardbiegeanforderungen ohne Verwendung von Biegehilfen gebogen. Anschließend wird es mit vier Bändern auf einer starren Unterlage befestigt. Anschließend wird das Rohr 24 Stunden lang in einem Wärmeschrank gelagert.
- Nach dem Erhitzen wird die Halterung so positioniert, dass die Leitung einen 45°-Winkel zur Vertikalen bildet, wobei ein Ende nach oben und das andere nach unten zeigt.
- Am oberen Ende wird ein genormtes Manometer eingesetzt, das ohne Vorkraft durch sein Eigengewicht durch die Rohrleitung hindurchpassen muss.
Dieser Test stellt sicher, dass LSZH-Rohre unter Hochtemperaturbedingungen ihre innere Integrität behalten.
Zugversuch: Wie in IEC 61386-1 beschrieben.
Feuerverhalten: Wie in IEC 61386-1 beschrieben.
Diese Norm gilt speziell für flexible Leitungen. In Kombination mit IEC Teil 1 werden die Anforderungen für Leitungen festgelegt.
Zu den mechanischen Anforderungen gehören:
Kompressionstest: Wie in IEC 61386-1 beschrieben.
Biegetest:
Der Biegetest bewertet die mechanische Haltbarkeit und Flexibilität von LSZH-Rohren bei wiederholten Biegebewegungen. Dieser Test stellt sicher, dass das Rohr und seine Anschlüsse mechanischen Belastungen während der Installation und des Betriebs standhalten, ohne zu reißen oder ihre innere Durchgängigkeit zu verlieren.
- Die Leitung ist an einer Schwingvorrichtung befestigt, die sie um eine vertikale Achse in einem Winkel von 180° hin und her bewegt.
- Die Baugruppe wird 5.000 Biegezyklen mit einer Rate von 40 ± 5 Biegungen pro Minute in einer sinusförmigen Bewegung unterzogen.
- Nach der Prüfung darf das Rohr bei normalem Sehen keine sichtbaren Risse aufweisen.
- Ein Standardmessgerät muss in der Lage sein, durch sein eigenes Gewicht ohne zusätzliche Kraft durch die Leitung zu passen.
Zugfestigkeit, Brandverhalten: Siehe IEC 61386-1.
EN 50267-2 ist eine europäische Norm, die die Methode zur Bestimmung der Säure- und Korrosivität von Gasen festlegt, die bei der Verbrennung nichtmetallischer Materialien, wie z. B. LSZH-Rohrleitungen (Low Smoke Zero Halogen), freigesetzt werden. Die Norm bewertet, ob die Materialien geringe Säure- und Korrosionsemissionen erzeugen und stellt so ihre Eignung für brandempfindliche Anwendungen wie Rechenzentren, Tunnel und Transportsysteme sicher.
Testmethode und -verfahren:
Allgemeines Prinzip
Eine vorgegebene Menge des Testmaterials wird in einem Rohrofen unter kontrollierten Bedingungen verbrannt. Die bei der Verbrennung freigesetzten Gase werden aufgefangen und in destilliertem oder demineralisiertem Wasser gelöst. Anschließend werden ihr Säuregehalt (pH-Wert) und ihre Leitfähigkeit gemessen.
Das zur Gasabsorption verwendete Wasser muss folgende Eigenschaften aufweisen:
- pH: 6,5 ± 1,0
- Leitfähigkeit: ≤ 0,5 µS/mm
Diese strengen Anforderungen gewährleisten die Genauigkeit des Tests.
Testmethode
Verbrennungsprozess
Eine 1.000 mg schwere Probe des Materials wird in einem Röhrenofen bei 935 °C unter kontrolliertem Luftstrom verbrannt.
Die freigesetzten Gase werden in destilliertem oder demineralisiertem Wasser gesammelt.
Messung von Säuregehalt und Leitfähigkeit
Um den Säuregehalt zu bestimmen, wird der pH-Wert der Lösung gemessen.
Um das Korrosionspotenzial des Gases einzuschätzen, wird die Leitfähigkeit gemessen.
Kriterien für Bestehen/Nichtbestehen
Das Material besteht die Prüfung, wenn der pH-Wert über einem festgelegten Grenzwert (≥ 4,3) bleibt und die Leitfähigkeit im zulässigen Bereich bleibt.
Wenn eine Probe fehlschlägt, werden zusätzliche Tests durchgeführt, um die Ergebnisse zu bestätigen.
Dieser Test stellt sicher, dass LSZH-Leitungen die Brandschutzanforderungen erfüllen, indem sie die Emission schädlicher saurer Gase minimieren und so die Risiken für Menschen und Geräte verringern.
IEC 60754-1 legt die Methode zur Bestimmung der Menge an Halogensäuregasen fest, die bei der Verbrennung nichtmetallischer Materialien wie Isolierungen und Ummantelungen von Elektrokabeln freigesetzt werden. Dieser Test ist unerlässlich für die Beurteilung der potenziellen Korrosivität und Toxizität von Materialien unter Brandbedingungen.
Zusammenfassung der Testmethode
- Verbrennungsprozess
- Eine Testprobe wird in ein Quarzglasrohr gegeben und in einem Rohrofen unter kontrolliertem Luftstrom auf 800 ± 10 °C erhitzt.
- Die bei der Verbrennung freigesetzten Gase werden in einer Wasserlösung gesammelt.
- Bestimmung des Halogensäuregehalts
- Als Referenz wird zunächst ein Blindversuch durchgeführt.
- Die gesammelte Lösung wird mit spezifischen Reagenzien behandelt und mit Ammoniumthiocyanat titriert, um den Halogensäuregehalt zu bestimmen.
- Die Säuremenge wird in mg Salzsäure pro Gramm Prüfmaterial berechnet.
- Bewertungskriterien
Bei einem Halogensäuregehalt von ≤ 5 mg/g gilt das Material als halogensäurearm und ist somit für den Einsatz in sensiblen Umgebungen unbedenklich.
Dieser Standard trägt dazu bei, sicherzustellen, dass die in Elektro- und Kommunikationskabeln verwendeten Materialien nur minimale korrosive und giftige Emissionen erzeugen, und verbessert so den Brandschutz in Gebäuden, Tunneln und öffentlichen Räumen.
IEC 60754-2 legt die Methode zur Bestimmung des Säuregehalts (pH) und der Leitfähigkeit von Gasen fest, die bei der Verbrennung nichtmetallischer Materialien in elektrischen und optischen Kabeln freigesetzt werden. Dieser Test bewertet die potenzielle Korrosivität und Umweltauswirkungen von Materialien unter Brandbedingungen.
Übersicht über das Testverfahren
Verbrennungsprozess
- Die Probe wird in ein Quarzglasrohr gegeben und in einem Rohrofen unter kontrolliertem Luftstrom auf 935 ± 30 °C erhitzt.
- Bei der Verbrennung freigesetzte Gase werden vom Luftstrom mitgerissen und 30 ± 1 Minuten lang in einer Wasserlösung gesammelt.
Lösungsvorbereitung und Messung
- Die gesammelte Lösung wird inklusive eventueller Geräterückstände zur Analyse auf 1.000 ml verdünnt.
- Die pH-Wert-Messung erfolgt mit einem kalibrierten pH-Meter, die Leitfähigkeitsbestimmung mit einem Leitfähigkeitsmessgerät, jeweils bei 25 ± 1 °C.
Auswertung der Ergebnisse
- Die mittleren pH- und Leitfähigkeitswerte werden aus mehreren Tests berechnet.
- Wenn die Variabilität zu hoch ist (>5%), sind zusätzliche Tests erforderlich.
- Anhand der Materialzusammensetzung eines kompletten Kabels können gewichtete pH- und Leitfähigkeitswerte geschätzt werden.
Leistungskriterien
Akzeptable pH- und Leitfähigkeitswerte sollten den einzelnen Kabelstandards oder den empfohlenen Grenzwerten in Anhang A des Standards entsprechen.
IEC 61034-2 legt die Methode zur Messung der Rauchdichte fest, die beim Verbrennen von Kabeln unter kontrollierten Bedingungen entsteht. Diese Norm ist besonders wichtig für raucharme und halogenfreie (LSZH) Leitungen, da sie im Brandfall eine minimale Rauchentwicklung gewährleistet. Dies verbessert die Sicht bei der Evakuierung und reduziert die rauchbedingten Gefahren.
Bei der Prüfung wird die Prüfprobe horizontal 150 mm über einer Alkoholschale platziert, die als Feuerquelle dient. Vor der Zündung wird der Prüfraum konditioniert auf 25°C ± 5°C, und ein Blindversuch kann durchgeführt werden. Die Alkohol wird entzündet, und der erzeugte Rauch wird durch die Lichtdurchlässigkeit über einen Test gemessen Dauer bis zu 40 Minuten. Die minimale Lichtdurchlässigkeit wird aufgezeichnet, wobei ein höherer Prozentsatz eine bessere Leistung anzeigt.
Um der Norm IEC 61034-2 zu entsprechen, müssen LSZH-Leitungen eine minimale Lichtdurchlässigkeit Schwellenwert, typischerweise über 60%, wodurch die Sichtbehinderung im Brandfall verringert wird. Nach der Prüfung werden die Verbrennungsprodukte abgesaugt, um die Genauigkeit bei nachfolgenden Prüfungen sicherzustellen.
ASTM E662-17a ist ein Standardprüfverfahren zur Messung der spezifischen optischen Dichte von Rauch, der von festen Materialien wie Kunststoffen, Kabeln und Leitungen unter kontrollierten Brandbedingungen erzeugt wird. Dieser Test ist wichtig für raucharme halogenfreie (LSZH) Leitungen, da er deren Rauchentwicklung bewertet und ihre Eignung für brandgefährdete Umgebungen wie Tunnel, Rechenzentren und öffentliche Gebäude bestimmt.
Zusammenfassung der Testmethode
- Prüfkammer und Probenplatzierung
Der Test wird in einer geschlossenen Kammer (Rauchdichtekammer) mit einem Lichtstrahl und einem Fotodetektor zur Messung der Rauchdichte durchgeführt.
Eine Probe des Testmaterials wird auf einem Halter in der Kammer platziert.
- Verbrennungsprozess
Die Probe wird einer Wärmequelle ausgesetzt, und zwar auf eine der folgenden Weisen:
Flammenmodus: Direkte Einwirkung einer Flamme.
Nicht-Flammenmodus: Einwirkung von Strahlungswärme ohne direkte Zündung.
- Rauchdichtemessung
Die spezifische optische Dichte (Ds) wird anhand der Lichtmenge berechnet, die durch Rauch in der Kammer blockiert wird.
Die maximale spezifische optische Dichte (Ds max) wird aufgezeichnet.
- Leistungskriterien
Materialien mit niedrigeren Dsmax-Werten gelten im Hinblick auf eine geringe Rauchentwicklung als besser.
LSZH-Materialien müssen einen Ds-Maximum innerhalb akzeptabler Grenzen aufweisen, um in sicherheitskritischen Anwendungen eingesetzt werden zu können.
ASTM E662-17a stellt sicher, dass LSZH-Leitungen nur minimalen Rauch erzeugen, was den Brandschutz und die Sichtbarkeit in Notsituationen verbessert. Die Norm wird häufig zusammen mit IEC 61034-2 zur Bewertung des Rauchverhaltens von Elektromaterialien verwendet.
ISO 4589-2 legt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Mindestkonzentration an Sauerstoff fest, die für die Verbrennung von Kunststoffen bei Raumtemperatur erforderlich ist. Dies wird als Sauerstofflimitierungsindex (LOI) und wird als Prozentsatz ausgedrückt. Je höher der LOI, desto größer ist die Brandbeständigkeit des Materials unter normalen atmosphärischen Bedingungen.
Dieser Test ist unerlässlich für die Bewertung der Feuerbeständigkeit von LSZH-Rohren und anderen Kunststoffen, die in Elektro- und Bauanwendungen eingesetzt werden. Materialien mit einem höheren LOI sind flammhemmender und bieten eine verbesserte Brandschutzleistung.
ISO 19700 definiert eine standardisierte Methode zur Bewertung der gefährlichen Bestandteile von Brandgasen. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Messung der giftigen Gase, die bei der Materialverbrennung unter kontrollierten Brandbedingungen freigesetzt werden. Die Methode hilft bei der Bewertung der potenziellen Risiken von Materialien in verschiedenen Anwendungen, einschließlich elektrischer Leitungen, und gewährleistet die Einhaltung der Brandschutzvorschriften.
Zusammenfassung der Testmethode
Prüfgerät: A steady-state tube furnace is used to simulate different fire conditions by varying the equivalence ratio (the ratio of fuel to available oxygen).
Testverfahren:
- The test material is placed in the tube furnace, where it undergoes controlled burning.
- The fire conditions range from well-ventilated to under-ventilated, replicating real-life fire scenarios.
- The combustion gases are collected and analyzed for toxic components such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), hydrogen chloride (HCl), and other hazardous species.
Results Evaluation: The measured gas concentrations help determine fire toxicity, allowing material classification based on its fire hazard potential.
ISO 19700 is essential for evaluating low-smoke, halogen-free (LSZH) materials, ensuring they release minimal toxic gases in case of fire, making them safer for enclosed environments like buildings and transportation systems.
UL 94 is a widely recognized flammability standard that evaluates the burning behavior of plastic materials used in electrical and electronic applications. This standard is crucial for assessing the fire safety performance of Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH) conduit, ensuring it meets stringent fire resistance requirements while minimizing toxic emissions in case of fire.
Zweck
The primary goal of UL 94 is to classify plastics based on their burning behavior, offering insights into their suitability for various applications where fire resistance is essential.
Ratings and Requirements
L 94 classifies plastics into several categories, each with specific criteria:
- HB (Horizontal Burning):
Testmethode: A specimen is positioned horizontally and exposed to a flame for 30 seconds or until the flame reaches a specified mark. The burn rate is then measured.
Kriterien: For materials 3 to 13 mm thick, the burn rate must not exceed 40 mm per minute; for those less than 3 mm thick, it must not exceed 75 mm per minute.
Bewertung: HB indicates slow burning on a horizontal specimen.
- Vertical Burning (V-0, V-1, V-2):
Testmethode: A vertically oriented specimen undergoes two 10-second flame applications. After each application, after flame and afterglow times are recorded, along with observations of dripping particles.
Kriterien:
V-0: Flame extinguishes within 10 seconds; no flaming drips allowed.
V-1: Flame extinguishes within 30 seconds; no flaming drips allowed.
V-2: Flame extinguishes within 30 seconds; flaming drips are permitted.
- Vertical Burning, Severe Test:
Testmethode: Specimens are subjected to five 5-second flame applications with a more severe ignition source.
Kriterien:
5VA: Flame extinguishes within 60 seconds; no burn-through (no hole) in the specimen.
5VB: Flame extinguishes within 60 seconds; burn-through (hole) is allowed.
These classifications assist manufacturers in choosing suitable plastic materials to ensure compliance with safety standards and regulatory requirements.
Bewertungen | Orientierung | Flame Application | Anforderungen | Dripping Allowed? | Burn-Through Allowed? |
HB | Horizontal | Burning rate of less than 76mm/min for a specimen less than 3mm thick and burning stops before 100mm | |||
V-2 | Vertikal | 30 seconds | Burning stops within 30 sec; flaming drips allowed | Ja | No |
V-1 | Vertikal | 30 seconds | Burning stops within 30 sec; drips of particles allowed as long as they are not inflamed. | No | No |
V-0 | Vertikal | 10 seconds | Burning stops within 10 sec; drips of particles allowed as long as they are not inflamed. | No | No |
5VB | Vertikal | 60 seconds | Burning stops within 60 sec; no flaming drips; holes allowed | No | Ja |
5VA | Vertikal | 60 seconds | Burning stops within 60 sec; no flaming drips; no holes | No | No |
Ledes’ LSZH-Schläuche are engineered with a focus on superior fire safety. Achieving UL 94 V-0 and 5VA ratings, they ensure:
V-0 Rating: Rapid self-extinguishment within 10 seconds without flaming drips, suitable for applications requiring high flame resistance.
5VA Rating: Exceptional performance under severe flame conditions, with no burn-through, making them ideal for critical safety applications.
These attributes make Ledes LSZH conduits a reliable choice for environments where fire safety and minimal smoke emission are paramount.
UL 1685 is a standard developed to evaluate the flame propagation and smoke release characteristics of electrical and optical-fiber cables when exposed to fire conditions. This standard incorporates two primary test methods: the UL Flame Exposure Test and the FT4/IEEE 1202 Type of Flame Exposure Test.
▲ Flame Exposure Test
The UL 1685 Flame Exposure Test evaluates the fire performance of electrical cables by assessing flame spread and smoke production.
Test Setup
A propane-gas burner with a flat metal plate and 242 small holes creates a controlled flame.
The burner is positioned 3 inches (76 mm) from the cable tray, with the flame centered between two tray rungs.
Flowmeters monitor propane and air supply, ensuring accurate gas flow.
Test Procedure
- Vorbereitung: The cables, test area, and equipment are set to a minimum temperature of 41°F (5°C).
- Flame Application:
The burner ignites, and gas flows are adjusted.
The flame is applied continuously for 20 minutes.
- Observation:
The flame height and burning duration are recorded.
Once the burner is turned off, any remaining fire is allowed to self-extinguish.
- Damage Assessment:
Cables are cleaned, and char height is measured.
Additional damage like melting is also recorded.
Smoke Measurement
- A photometer system tracks smoke levels in the exhaust duct.
- The Smoke Release Rate (SRR) and total smoke released over 20 minutes are calculated.
Akzeptanzkriterien
To pass the UL 1685 test, the cable must meet the following limits:
Char height: Less than 8 feet (244 cm).
Total smoke released: No more than 95 m².
Peak smoke release rate: No more than 0.25 m²/s.
▲ FT4/IEEE 1202 Flame Exposure Test
The FT4/IEEE 1202 Flame Exposure Test is a vertical-tray fire test used to evaluate the flame propagation and smoke release characteristics of electrical and optical-fiber cables. It helps determine whether cables meet fire safety requirements, particularly for limited smoke marking applications.
Zusammenfassung der Testmethode
- Test Setup
- The test specimen is placed in a vertical cable tray inside an enclosure with proper ventilation.
- A propane-gas ribbon burner with a 242-hole flame array is used as the ignition source.
- The burner is positioned at a 20° angle, 12 inches (305 mm) above the tray base, and 3 inches (75 mm) from the cable surface.
- Flame Application
- The burner is ignited, and the flame is applied continuously for 20 minutes.
- Gas flow is controlled to 28 ±1 standard cubic feet per hour for propane and 163 ±10 standard cubic feet per hour for air.
- Smoke and Damage Evaluation
- A photometer system measures smoke density in the exhaust duct.
- After the test, the char height and other visible damage on the cables are measured.
- Akzeptanzkriterien
- Char height must be less than 4 ft, 11 inches (1.5 m) from the lower edge of the burner.
- Total smoke released must not exceed 150 m² in 20 minutes.
- Peak smoke release rate must not exceed 0.40 m²/s.
The FT4/IEEE 1202 test ensures that cables used in buildings, tunnels, and industrial environments have controlled flame spread and low smoke emission, improving overall fire safety.
Similarities and Differences Between These Two Flame Exposure Tests
Similarities:
- Zweck: Both tests evaluate the flame resistance of electrical cables and conduits under standardized fire conditions.
- Testaufbau: Cables and conduits are mounted in a vertical steel ladder tray, which is 12 inches wide, 3 inches deep, and 96 inches long, with 1-inch rungs spaced 9 inches apart.
- Flame Applications: A ribbon burner using a propane-air mixture applies flame for 20 minutes at a power output of 70,000 Btu/hr.
- Burning Duration: A cable may continue burning after the flame is removed, but the test is not complete until the cable stops burning.
- Smoke Test (Optional): Both tests include an optional smoke measurement where smoke release is evaluated using a photometer system.
Aspekt | UL Flame Exposure Test | FT4/IEEE 1202 Flame Exposure Test |
Standard Reference | UL 1685 (General Method) | UL 1685 (FT4/IEEE 1202 Method) |
Primary Application | Used for U.S. cable and conduit compliance | Required for Canada (FT4-rated cables and conduits) and some U.S. markets |
Burner Position | Horizontally placed, 3 inches from the cable surface, 18 inches from the bottom of the tray | Angled at 20°, 3 inches from the surface of the tray, and 12 inches from the bottom of the tray |
Kriterien für Bestehen/Nichtbestehen | Char height must be less than 8 feet (244 cm) | Char height must be less than 4 feet, 11 inches (1.5 m) (More stringent requirement) |
Total Smoke Released (Optional Test) | Must not exceed 95 m² | Must not exceed 150 m² |
Peak Smoke Release Rate (Optional Test) | Must not exceed 0.25 m²/s | Must not exceed 0.40 m²/s |
Both tests ensure that electrical cables meet fire safety standards and help minimize risks in buildings, tunnels, and public spaces.
NFPA 130 is a National Fire Protection Association standard that establishes fire protection and life safety requirements for various components of rail transit systems, including stations, trainways, vehicles, and related infrastructure. Its primary objective is to ensure a reasonable degree of safety for passengers and personnel in the event of a fire.
NFPA 130 includes specific fire performance requirements for electrical components, including conduits and cables, to limit fire spread and reduce smoke generation in enclosed transit environments. LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen) conduits are commonly used in these applications due to their fire-resistant properties and low toxicity during combustion.
Here are some key requirements to LSZH conduit:
Flame Spread and Smoke Emission: Electrical cables and conduits used in transit systems must pass strict flame propagation and smoke release tests, such as the FT4/IEEE 1202 flame test and UL 1685 smoke release test, to ensure minimal fire spread and reduced smoke hazards.
Durability in Harsh Environments: NFPA 130 requires electrical systems to withstand high temperatures and moisture exposure, ensuring safety in both normal and emergency conditions. LSZH conduits, known for their high heat resistance and non-corrosive properties, help meet these durability standards.
Material Considerations: While NFPA 130 does not specifically mandate LSZH materials, it emphasizes the need for non-combustible and low-smoke-emitting components. LSZH conduits align with these criteria by eliminating halogens and reducing toxic gas emissions, which improves visibility and minimizes health risks during fire events.
NFPA 130 serves as a critical guideline for fire safety in transit infrastructure, requiring electrical components to meet stringent fire performance criteria. While LSZH conduit is not explicitly required, its low-smoke and halogen-free properties make it a preferred choice in compliance with NFPA 130’s fire safety objectives.
When it comes to electrical installations, it is crucial that PVC conduits meet stringent standards to ensure safety, durability, and performance. These standards are set by various organizations across the globe, each with its own set of regulations to govern PVC conduit performance in different environmental conditions. Below, we’ll summarize the key codes for PVC conduits in America, Canada, and Australia.
- UL 651: This standard covers Schedule 40 and 80 Rigid PVC Conduit for use in electrical wiring. It specifies requirements for strength, flame resistance, and other physical properties to ensure safety in installations.
- UL 1653: This standard applies to Electrical Nonmetallic Tubing (ENT), not rigid PVC conduit. It specifies construction and performance requirements for ENT systems used in electrical installations.
Hinweise: If you would like to learn more about UL 651 standards for rigid PVC conduit Und UL 1653 standards for ENT tubing, you can read our last post.
- CSA C22.2 No.211.2: This standard is for Rigid PVC Conduit. It sets the guidelines for the construction, performance, and testing requirements of PVC conduit used for electrical installations in Canada.
- CSA C22.2 No.211.1: This standard applies to EB1, DB2/ES2 PVC Conduit. It defines the material and performance characteristics for these specific PVC conduit types, ensuring they meet fire, mechanical, and weather resistance requirements.
Profi-Tipps: Learn more about CSA standard requirements for Rigid conduit in our last post.
- AS/NZS 2053.1: This is the General Requirements Standard for PVC conduit and fittings in Australia and New Zealand. It outlines the overall specifications for materials, dimensions, and installation guidelines.
- AS/NZS 2053.2: This standard addresses Rigid Plain Conduits and Fittings, focusing on their construction, performance, and testing requirements for electrical installations.
- AS/NZS 2053.5: This standard applies to Corrugated Conduits and Fittings and covers the specifications for flexible PVC conduit used in electrical installations, ensuring durability and safety
For more detailed information about these codes, refer to our previous articles where we explore the standards for PVC conduits in depth.
Hinweise: Want to learn more about AS/NZS 2053 standard? Click here to read the Ultimate Guide to AS/NZS 2053.
Electrical Code for LSZH Conduit | |
IEC 61386-1, -21, -23 | International standards that specify mechanical and electrical performance requirements for conduits (including LSZH conduit). |
EN 50276-2 | A test method for acidity and corrosiveness of gases released during the combustion. |
IEC 60754-1 | A test method for determining the amount of halogen acid gases released during the combustion. |
IEC 60754-2 | Test of acidity (pH) and conductivity of gases released during the combustion. |
IEC 61034-2 | Measures the smoke density generated when conduits burn under controlled conditions. |
ASTM E662-17a | Test for specific optical density of smoke produced by solid materials. |
ISO 4589-2 | Test method for determining the burning behaviour by oxygen index. |
UL 94 | Tests for different flammability ratings of plastic materials |
UL1685 | Evaluate the flame propagation and smoke release of conduits, including UL flame exposure test and FT4/IEEE 1202 flame exposure test.. |
NFPA 130 | Specifies the fire protection and life safety requirements for components of rail transit systems. |
Electrical Code for PVC Conduit | |
UL651 | Specifies the requirements of dimensions, mechanical strength and other performance for Schedule 40/80 PVC conduits and fittings. |
UL1653 / CSA C22.2 No.227.1 | Specifies construction and performance requirements for ENT systems. |
CSA C22.2 No.211.2 / CSA C22.2 No.211.1 | Specifies construction, performance, and testing requirements for rigid PVC conduit and DB/ES, EB type of conduits. |
AS/NZS 2053.1, .2, .5 | Specifies materials, dimensions, and performance for PVC conduits and fittings in Australia and New Zealand. |
IEC 61386 | Specifies the construction and performance for conduits (including PVC conduit) |
The durability and lifespan of an electrical conduit depend on its ability to withstand environmental exposure, mechanical stress, and aging factors. LSZH and PVC conduits differ significantly in their long-term performance under different conditions.
- LSZH conduit is designed for long-term durability in demanding environments, such as railway tunnels, industrial plants, and solar applications. It is highly resistant to UV exposure, ensuring minimal degradation when installed outdoors. Its material composition also prevents brittleness in extreme cold and softening in high heat, allowing LSZH conduit to maintain its structural integrity across a wide temperature range (-45°C to 150°C).
- PVC-Rohr, while widely used for general electrical applications, is more susceptible to environmental aging. Standard rigid PVC can become brittle under prolonged UV exposure, leading to cracking if not properly protected. But some rigid conduit can also be designed to be UV resistance. Additionally, in extreme cold (below -25°C), PVC becomes fragile, increasing the risk of impact-related breakage. At higher temperatures, above 90°C, PVC may soften and deform, limiting its lifespan in applications with high thermal exposure.
- LSZH conduit offers superior impact and compression resistance, with heavy-duty types rated at 1250N/5cm and medium-duty types at 750N/5cm. This high mechanical strength makes LSZH conduits ideal for harsh environments where physical stress, pressure, or vibrations occur, such as railway transit systems, underground installations, and areas with heavy foot or vehicle traffic.
- PVC-Rohr, also provide strong mechanical strength. Especially that Schedule 80 PVC conduit offers excellent impact resistance and strength, higher than standard Schedule 40 and even heavy duty LSZH conduit. But PVC is prone to cracking under sudden impacts in colder environments. Its long-term durability depends heavily on installation conditions, such as protection from mechanical stress, temperatures and proper burial depth in underground applications.
- LSZH conduit has an estimated lifespan of 30+ years in controlled environments, such as railway systems, underground facilities, and protected outdoor applications. Its resistance to UV damage, extreme temperatures, and mechanical stress ensures stable long-term performance.
- PVC-Rohr can last anywhere from 30 to 50 years, depending on exposure and environmental conditions. Buried PVC conduits, protected from UV exposure and mechanical damage, may last over 50 years, whereas exposed PVC conduits without UV protection can degrade in as little as 10-15 years.
When selecting between LSZH and PVC conduit, installation and maintenance are important factors that affect labor costs, ease of use, and long-term reliability. Both conduit types have their own set of handling, flexibility, and maintenance requirements, which influence their suitability for different applications.
- LSZH conduit is generally lighter than rigid PVC conduit, reducing the load on structural supports and making it easier to transport and install in elevated or suspended applications.
- PVC conduit is heavier, particularly in Schedule 80 variants, which can make handling and transport more challenging, especially in large installations. However, its rigidity offers stability in above-ground and underground installations.
- LSZH conduit requires minimal maintenance, as it is resistant to UV degradation, temperature fluctuations, and fire-related damage. This makes it ideal for installations where long-term reliability is a priority, such as transit systems and data centers.
- PVC conduit, unless UV-stabilized, can degrade over time when exposed to sunlight, leading to brittleness and reduced mechanical integrity.
- Underground installations for both LSZH and PVC require periodic inspection to check for shifting, moisture ingress, or mechanical stress.
In high-temperature or chemically aggressive environments, LSZH conduit is often preferred due to its enhanced material durability and halogen-free composition.
- LSZH conduit is specifically designed for environments requiring low smoke and halogen-free materials, making it a preferred choice for transit systems, data centers, and nuclear facilities.
- PVC conduit is widely accepted in standard electrical installations but may not be suitable for fire-sensitive areas unless additional fireproofing measures are applied.
Besonderheit | LSZH Conduit | PVC-Rohr |
Weight & Installation | Lighter, easier to handle and install | Heavier, harder to install especially for Schedule 80 |
UV-Beständigkeit | High, minimal degradation | Requires UV protection for outdoor use |
Fire Safety | Preferred in fire0sensitive environments | Acceptable in standard electrical installations |
Long-term Maintenance | Lower maintenance, durable over time | May require UV protection and may crack in lower temperatures |
When evaluating LSZH and PVC conduits, their impact on the environment, human health, and fire safety must be considered. LSZH is designed to minimize toxic emissions and environmental hazards, while PVC, though widely used, raises concerns due to its chlorine-based composition and disposal challenges.
LSZH Conduit:
- LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen) does not contain chlorine, fluorine, bromine, or iodine, meaning no toxic halogen gases are released during combustion.
- In the event of a fire, LSZH produces minimal smoke and lower levels of toxic gases, reducing risks of suffocation and increasing evacuation time.
- LSZH conduits significantly improve air quality in enclosed spaces, making them ideal for rail transit, tunnels, hospitals, and data centers.
PVC-Rohr:
- PVC contains chlorine, which, when burned, can release hydrogen chloride (HCl) and dioxins, both of which are hazardous to human health and the environment.
- Hydrogen chloride gas is highly corrosive and can cause severe respiratory irritation, while dioxins are persistent environmental pollutants (PEPs) linked to long-term ecological damage.
- In fires, PVC conduits produce dense smoke, which can impair visibility and hinder emergency response efforts.
- LSZH conduits contribute to improved fire rescue conditions by reducing smoke density and toxic gas buildup, allowing emergency personnel to operate more effectively.
- In enclosed environments (e.g., railway tunnels, aircraft, nuclear plants, and submarines), LSZH is preferred to minimize risks associated with smoke inhalation and toxic gas exposure.
- PVC conduit, unless specially treated, may release thick smoke and toxic compounds, which can compromise evacuation routes and slow down rescue operations.
LSZH Conduit: Limited Recycling Options
LSZH materials do not contain halogens or heavy metals, reducing environmental contamination at disposal.
However, LSZH plastics are more difficult to recycle due to their specialized composition, often requiring controlled disposal methods.
Unlike PVC, LSZH does not emit harmful dioxins when incinerated, making thermal disposal a safer option.
PVC Conduit: Recycling Limitations & Dioxin Risks
PVC can be mechanically recycled, but only a small percentage of PVC waste is actually recycled due to contamination risks.
When incinerated, PVC releases toxic dioxins, contributing to long-term environmental pollution.
Landfilling PVC waste poses risks as plasticizers and chlorine-based additives can leach into the soil and water systems, affecting ecosystems.
- LSZH conduit aligns with modern sustainability goals, especially in industries prioritizing low-toxicity materials and reduced carbon footprints.
- PVC conduit remains widely used due to its durability and cost-effectiveness, but its environmental drawbacks are pushing industries toward greener alternatives.
- Regulations are increasingly favoring halogen-free materials, making LSZH a future-proof choice in environmentally conscious infrastructure projects.
Both LSZH and PVC conduits must comply with specific marking requirements as defined by their respective standards. Markings ensure that the conduits are properly identified for compliance, installation suitability, and traceability. These markings generally include standard references, manufacturer information, size, type, and application-specific ratings.
Follow are some common marking requirements for them:
The phrase “rigid PVC conduit”
Schedule rating: Schedule 40 or 80
The complied standard
The trade size of the conduit product
The name or trademark of the manufacturer
The date or other dating period of manufacture
For Schedule 40 and 80 rigid PVC conduit that intended to used with 90 Degrees Celsius wires, should include “maximum 90°C wire” or “max 90°C”.
The phrase “LSZH or LSOH conduit”
The complied standard
The size of the conduit
The name or trademark of the manufacturer
Mechanical strength, such as “MD or HD”
Flammability rating: UL94 V-0 or 5VA
Temperaturbereich
Das Herstellungsdatum
Choosing the right conduit for an electrical system is crucial for safety, compliance, and long-term performance. LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen) conduit is specifically designed for fire-sensitive environments where toxic smoke and halogen emissions could endanger lives and damage critical infrastructure.
LSZH conduit is the preferred choice in areas where fire safety, low toxicity, and minimal smoke production are essential. These environments include:
- Rail & Metro Systems – Underground train tunnels, subway stations, and elevated railways require LSZH conduit to comply with NFPA 130 and international transit safety standards. Ledes LSZH conduit was successfully deployed in the Melbourne Metro Tunnel Project, where strict fire and smoke regulations were enforced to protect passengers and infrastructure.
- Airports & Aviation Facilities – Enclosed airport terminals, control towers, and baggage handling areas need LSZH conduit to minimize smoke and toxic gas exposure in the event of a fire.
- Underground Tunnels & Enclosed Spaces – Locations with limited ventilation, such as utility tunnels and mines, benefit from LSZH conduit since it reduces smoke density and allows for better evacuation visibility.
- Hospitals & Healthcare Facilities – In medical environments, toxic halogen gas from burning PVC conduit could pose serious health risks to patients and sensitive medical equipment. LSZH conduit ensures a safer alternative that meets strict fire and safety codes.
- Data Centers & IT Infrastructure – With the increasing reliance on cloud computing and critical digital infrastructure, data centers require fire-safe and non-corrosive conduit solutions. LSZH conduit prevents damage to expensive servers and network systems by reducing acidic gas emissions that could corrode electronic components.
- Electric Vehicle Charging Stations & Renewable Energy Projects – The growth of EV infrastructure and renewable energy demands safe, fire-resistant conduit systems. LSZH conduit is an excellent choice for EV charging hubs, solar farms, and wind power stations, where electrical safety and long-term reliability are key considerations.
Regulatory compliance plays a critical role in determining whether LSZH conduit is necessary. Many national and international standards specify LSZH conduit for fire-sensitive applications:
- NFPA 130 (Rail Transit Fire Safety Standard) – Requires the use of LSZH materials in enclosed railway systems.
- IEC 61386 (Conduit System Standards) – Defines LSZH performance requirements, including smoke density, halogen content, and fire resistance.
- EN 50267 (Toxicity & Corrosiveness Testing) – Ensures LSZH conduit meets low-emission and non-corrosive standards.
- UL 94 V-0 / 5VA (Flammability Rating) – Confirms superior fire resistance of LSZH conduit compared to traditional PVC.
In high-risk environments, the choice between LSZH and PVC conduit is clear: LSZH conduit provides superior fire safety, lower toxicity, and better protection for both people and equipment.
While LSZH conduit is ideal for high-risk environments, PVC conduit remains the most commonly used option for general electrical installations due to its affordability, versatility, and ease of installation. PVC conduit is the best choice when fire safety requirements are less stringent, and cost efficiency is a priority.
PVC conduit is widely used in standard industrial, commercial, and residential electrical systems where fire safety, toxicity, and smoke production are not primary concerns. These include:
Commercial & Residential Electrical Wiring – PVC conduit is commonly used for home wiring, office buildings, and retail spaces, providing an economical and easy-to-install solution. It is particularly effective in drywall installations, concrete embedding, and above-ground conduit runs.
Industrial Facilities & Warehouses – In manufacturing plants, warehouses, and large-scale storage units, PVC conduit is an excellent choice for general electrical protection in areas that do not require halogen-free materials.
Outdoor & Utility Installations – PVC conduit is suitable for outdoor electrical runs, solar installations, and telecommunications infrastructure, thanks to its UV-resistant and corrosion-resistant properties. However, in extreme high-heat environments, alternative materials like HDPE or LSZH may be preferred.
Underground & Direct Burial Applications – Rigid PVC conduit, including DB2, EB1, and Schedule 40/80, is a popular option for direct burial installations in commercial, residential, and industrial projects. It offers excellent resistance to moisture, soil chemicals, and mechanical damage when installed with proper fittings.
PVC conduit is significantly more cost-effective than LSZH conduit, making it the preferred choice for projects that prioritize affordability over fire performance.
Lower Material & Installation Costs – Compared to LSZH conduit, PVC conduit is cheaper per unit and does not require specialized fittings or installation techniques.
Availability – PVC conduit is widely available, making it a practical choice for large-scale projects that require fast procurement.
However, in environments where fire safety, toxicity, and smoke production are critical concerns, LSZH conduit is the better option despite the higher cost.
Selecting the appropriate conduit depends on several factors, including budget, safety requirements, installation environment, and regulatory compliance. Each project has unique demands, and understanding these considerations will help in making an informed choice between LSZH and PVC conduit.
Key Factors to Consider:
If the project is in a high-risk environment where fire safety is a priority (e.g., tunnels, railways, data centers, or hospitals), LSZH conduit is the better choice due to its low smoke and halogen-free properties. PVC conduit may be sufficient for general applications where fire risk is minimal.
LSZH conduits generally cost more than PVC due to their specialized materials and fire-resistant properties. For cost-sensitive projects that do not require high fire safety compliance, PVC is often preferred.
LSZH is the more environmentally friendly option, as it does not release toxic halogens or corrosive gases during combustion. If sustainability and reduced emissions are priorities, LSZH is the better choice. However, PVC offers better recyclability in controlled conditions.
Outdoor installations exposed to direct sunlight and varying temperatures require UV-resistant conduit. In enclosed spaces with limited ventilation, LSZH is recommended to reduce toxic emissions in case of a fire.
For areas facing high stresses and forces, Schedule 80 PVC conduit may be more suitable. Heavy duty LSZH conduit, while offering high mechanical strength as well, but not as good as Schedule 80 under normal installation temperatures.
Ensure the conduit meets local codes and standards (e.g., UL, CSA, AS/NZS) based on regional and industry-specific requirements. Certain industries, such as transportation systems and hospitals, may mandate LSZH use.
By carefully assessing these factors, project planners and engineers can make the best decision on whether LSZH or PVC conduit is the most suitable option for their specific application.
Choosing between LSZH conduit and PVC conduit ultimately comes down to understanding the specific needs of your project.
Throughout this article, we explored their key differences — from toxicity and fire safety, durability and lifespan, installation and maintenance considerations, to their environmental impact and compliance with various codes and standards.
In short:
- LSZH-Schläuche excel in environments where fire safety, low toxic emissions, and strict regulatory compliance are top priorities — such as subways, tunnels, hospitals, airports, and data centers.
- PVC-Schläuche, on the other hand, are a great solution for standard industrial, commercial, and residential applications, offering cost-effective and easy-to-install options where fire risk is lower.
Final Recommendation:
Always align your conduit choice with your project’s safety requirements, environmental goals, budget constraints, and regulatory needs. Selecting the right type will not only ensure long-term performance but also significantly improve overall project safety.
Need help choosing the right conduit?
Feel free to contact us to request product catalogs, technical support, and competitive quotations.
We are happy to assist you with selecting the most suitable solutions for your specific project needs!
FAQs
Was ist der Unterschied zwischen LSZH- und PVC-Rohren?
To have a more clear understanding of the differences between LSZH and PVC conduit, here is the comparison table for reference:
LSZH Vs PVC Conduit Table
Besonderheit | LSZH Conduit | PVC-Rohr |
Smoke and Toxicity | Releases low smoke and non-halogenated gases during fire, safer for evacuation and rescue. | Can release toxic and corrosive gases (like hydrogen chloride) during combustion. |
Ideal Applications | Used in high-safety environments like airports, tunnels, hospitals, data centers, and railways. | Suitable for general industrial, commercial, and residential projects. |
Environmental Impact | Halogen-free, helps reduce environmental pollution. | Contains chlorine; incineration can produce dioxins. |
Haltbarkeit | Strong impact resistance, compression strength, and wide temperature tolerance. | Excellent mechanical performance; needs UV protection and thermal expansion considerations outdoors. |
Kosten | Generally higher cost due to material and performance advantages. | More affordable, ideal for cost-sensitive projects without strict fire safety needs. |
Standards Compliance | Meet strict standards of smoke, fire and other performance requirements, such as IEC 61386, IEC 60752, ASTM E662, UL 94, UL1685, NFPA 130 etc. | Certified under standards like UL651, CSA C22.2 No.211.2, IEC 61386, AS/NZS 2053 and other standards that required by local codes. |
Können LSZH- und PVC-Rohre zusammen verwendet werden?
Technically, yes — but it depends on the project requirements and safety standards.
- Fire Safety and Compliance:
In critical environments (like tunnels, airports, hospitals), mixing LSZH and PVC is usually not recommended. Many fire safety codes require the entire system — including conduits, fittings, and cables — to meet low-smoke, halogen-free standards. Using PVC alongside LSZH could compromise the overall fire performance and regulatory compliance. - Standard Industrial or Commercial Projects:
In less critical projects (like general commercial buildings or factories), using LSZH and PVC together is possible if the system does not have strict halogen-free requirements. For example, you might use LSZH conduit in sensitive areas (e.g., server rooms) and PVC elsewhere to save costs.
- Practical Considerations:
Connection compatibility: LSZH and PVC conduits typically use different formulations, but dimensions can be similar, especially when following standards like UL or CSA. Standard PVC fittings might physically fit LSZH conduits and vice versa, but check material compatibility if high mechanical strength or long-term sealing is important.
System Integrity: Mixing different material properties (thermal expansion, chemical resistance) could cause issues over time, especially in outdoor or extreme environments.
Abschluss
If your project prioritizes fire safety, toxicity control, or must follow strict codes (e.g., NFPA 130 for transit tunnels), don’t mix LSZH with PVC — stick with full LSZH systems.
If your project has no halogen-free requirements and budget optimization is important, mixing may be acceptable — but it should be clearly documented and approved by the engineering team
Ist LSZH immer besser als PVC?
Not always — it really depends on the project’s needs. Here’s a simple breakdown:
- Depends on the Application: LSZH conduit excels in environments where fire safety and low toxicity are critical, such as tunnels, hospitals, airports, and data centers. However, in open areas or projects without strict fire safety demands, PVC conduit is often a more practical and cost-effective choice.
- Fire and Smoke Performance: LSZH conduit produces far less smoke and no halogen gases when exposed to fire, making it safer for people and sensitive equipment during an emergency. PVC, on the other hand, can release dense smoke and corrosive gases when burning.
- Cost Considerations: LSZH conduit is usually more expensive than standard PVC conduit. For projects with tight budgets and less critical fire safety needs, PVC can be the more economical option.
- Durability and Environmental Factors: Both materials are durable, but they have different strengths. For extreme temperatures, LSZH performs better than PVC. LSZH is especially chosen for its low-toxicity fire behavior and weathering performance, while PVC is often choose for installations where face high external forces, especially Schedule 80 rigid PVC conduit.
References:
IEC 61386-1: Conduit systems for cable management – Part 1: General requirements
UL Combustion (Fire) Tests for Plastics
UL 1685 – Smoke-Release Test for Cables and Conduit
IEEE Standard for Flame-Propagation Testing of Wire and Cable
NFPA 130: Standard for Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems
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