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There are more and more people interested and ask about LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen) electrical conduit and accessories. In order to address these queries and provide comprehensive information, we have prepared this article to shed light on the topic.
With increasing environmental concerns and the growing emphasis on safety standards, it has become imperative to upgrade electrical conduit systems to meet the latest requirements. LSZH conduit and accessories offer a viable solution in this regard. In this article, we will delve into the concept of LSZH conduit, its benefits, and its applications, providing you with a comprehensive understanding of this innovative technology.
LSZH conduit, as the name suggests, refers to a type of conduit that is manufactured using materials with low smoke emission and zero halogen content. Unlike traditional PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) conduits, LSZH 导管 are designed to minimize the release of toxic gases and smoke in the event of a fire. This makes them an ideal choice for applications where human safety and environmental protection are paramount.
LSZH, which stands for Low Smoke Zero Halogen, offers significant advantages by greatly reducing the emission of black smoke and halogens during combustion. This not only makes it more environmentally friendly but also enhances safety.
It is well known that halogens are toxic gases, and excessive inhalation can lead to poisoning. In the context of fire rescue operations, minimizing the inhalation of toxic gases by trapped individuals increases their chances of survival. Additionally, the large amount of black smoke generated by traditional pipes during combustion can make rescue efforts more challenging. This is where the low smoke and zero halogen characteristics of LSZH pipes prove advantageous.
The terms LSOH, HFFR (Halogen Free Fire Retardant) and NHFR (Non Halogenated Fire Retardant) are often used interchangeably.
Table of Abbreviations for Low Smoke Zero Halogen Conduits
Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH) conduit pipes are subject to different standards and requirements in various countries. Let’s take a look at the examples of North America and Australia to illustrate this.
These are the two primary standards, but there are also other standards such as ETL verified, IEEE-1202, and NFPA-130. Let’s take IEC 60754-1:2011 as an example, which provides detailed requirements for sample selection, cleaning, test procedures, and result evaluation. It evaluates the smoke content and presence of halogens in the samples under test conditions using chemical or physical methods. The testing includes blank tests, material tests, halogen acid content calculation, among others. Therefore, products that have undergone these tests are 100% compliant in terms of quality.
It is important to note that the outer diameter dimensions in North America may slightly differ from those in other countries, as they are measured in inches. The commonly used sizes range from 1/2 inch to 8 inches. Here are some information of Ledes low smoke halogen free conduit, for more, please click the link here.
Main standards:
IEC61386-1、IEC61386-21
Other related standards:
EN50267-2, IEC60754-1
IEC61034-2、ASTM E662
ISO4589-2、ISO19700、UL94
Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH) products have gained widespread application in Australia and other countries such as Chile and Peru. Not only conduits but also cables are being promoted for broader adoption in LSZH materials.
As a result, there are multiple relevant standards, which are listed on our LSZH conduit page. You can click here to view the related products.
In Australia, comprehensive testing is conducted for LSZH product series. Taking IEC 61386-1:2021 as an example, it encompasses general tests (specifications), physical performance tests (tensile strength, insulation properties), fire rating tests, and more. It can be said that the testing is quite extensive.
In other relevant EN or IEC standards, we can observe requirements for pH value (mainly testing Halogen Free properties), Oxygen Index, and detailed testing for Low Smoke as outlined in ASTM E662. This comprehensive testing process examines the raw materials, formulations, and manufacturing processes. If you are interested in this aspect, you can contact our customer service team for more details.
Lastly, it is important to note that Australia, unlike North America, typically uses millimeters (mm) as the unit of measurement. The mainstream dimensions range from 20mm to 150mm, catering to the needs of most everyday construction projects.
To understand the differences between LSZH conduit and PVC 导管, it’s important to first consider their material characteristics. While both are plastic pipes, there are several distinctions between them:
PVC conduit is typically made from polyvinyl chloride, a thermoplastic polymer derived directly from petroleum or similar products. On the other hand, LSZH conduit incorporates inorganic material fillers into a thermoplastic matrix. For example, aluminum trihydrate (ALTH) is added to the appropriate thermoplastic base to suppress fire and form char, thereby reducing the emission of toxic gases, smoke, and carbon particles while maintaining the required electrical insulation and physical performance for the intended application. The preferred flame-retardant inorganic filler is still aluminum trihydrate (ALTH). In the event of a fire, this material undergoes an endothermic chemical reaction, absorbing heat and releasing steam. Importantly, the decomposition of the polymer carrying the filler occurs at approximately the same temperature. The steam disrupts the combustion of outgassing, aiding in the formation of a char layer that protects the remaining material and captures particulates. The high filler content (around 60%) also replaces a significant portion of the base polymer, reducing the overall fuel available for combustion.
Based on these material properties and composition differences, LSZH conduit significantly reduces the emission of toxic gases and carbon particles compared to PVC. Through its endothermic chemical reaction during combustion, it helps to lower smoke generation, making it more environmentally friendly and safe.
As mentioned earlier, the material characteristics of LSZH conduit require a different additive formulation during the manufacturing process. Compared to PVC conduit, there are limitations on the additives used in LSZH conduit production. This is because the addition of different additives may have an impact on its physical or chemical properties, including its low smoke characteristics and overall product quality stability. Therefore, strict adherence to relevant processes and ensuring the quality of additives is crucial in the manufacturing process. Additionally, the price of additives for LSZH conduit is typically 2-3 times higher than that of PVC conduit.
Due to the differences in raw materials and manufacturing processes, LSZH conduit exhibits better physical performance compared to regular PVC conduit. For conduits with the same wall thickness, LSZH conduit is over 30% lighter in weight than PVC conduit while having a higher strength of 15%-20%.
Taking heavy-duty LSZH conduit as an example, its maximum resistance to compression and impact is 1,250Nt/5cm and 6J, respectively. This increased durability of LSZH conduit after installation leads to cost reduction and improved longevity.
As mentioned earlier, the key advantage of LSZH conduit over PVC conduit is its ability to significantly reduce the release of black smoke and toxic gases during combustion. This makes it particularly advantageous in building projects with high safety requirements, such as schools, hospitals, government buildings, residential complexes, and large supermarkets. LSZH conduit provides a safer performance even under extreme conditions.
While PVC conduit can withstand temperatures ranging from -25°C to 100°C (-13°F to 212°F), LSZH conduit has a higher temperature limit of -45°C to 150°C (-49°F to 302°F). This significant difference indicates that LSZH conduit offers improved temperature resistance, making it more suitable for outdoor and underground installations. The enhanced temperature tolerance ensures that the conduit is less prone to cracking and damage during use.
Thanks to continuous improvements and upgrades in the formulation, the Ledes low smoke and halogen-free product series has significantly enhanced UV resistance. These products have demonstrated excellent performance in hundreds of hours of continuous UV testing. This ensures that the low smoke and halogen-free conduit and accessories have better longevity when used in outdoor installations, helping our customers save on future maintenance costs.
Although both PVC and LSZH conduits adhere to UL94 standards, the low smoke and halogen-free conduit requires higher fire ratings. For example, Ledes’ low smoke and halogen-free products fully comply with the highest UL94 classification, V0. You can compare the differences between various UL94 ratings to understand their significance.
The higher fire ratings offer obvious benefits. If the fire source is cut off immediately, the LSZH conduit can self-extinguish in a shorter time. For example, the UL94V-0 standard requires extinguishing within 10 seconds, but Ledes’ products go further by achieving a 5-second rating. This reduces the generation of flames, dense smoke, and toxic gases, providing more time for rescue efforts.
Due to the differences in manufacturing processes and additives compared to PVC conduit, the low smoke and halogen-free product series incurs higher manufacturing costs.
In reality, many people confuse LSZH conduit, PVC conduit, and PVC pipe, thinking that they can be interchangeable. This is actually an incorrect notion.
Essentially, LSZH conduit and PVC conduit belong to the same category of conduits as they are both used for electrical wiring applications, with the difference lying in their material composition, as we have explained in detail earlier. Therefore, I won’t repeat it here. On the other hand, PVC pipe, especially white PVC pipe, is specifically designed for drainage, sewage, or water purposes. Apart from sharing the same raw material as PVC conduit, they differ in terms of additives, physical properties, and testing standards.
In terms of design purpose, both LSZH conduit and PVC conduit are used for cable protection. Therefore, their design focuses on physical performance, resistance to UV or sunlight exposure, and, if buried underground, considerations for water absorption and resistance to underground bacteria. In the design and manufacturing process, they incorporate additional additives to enhance specific performance aspects and ensure long-term cable protection.
In contrast, PVC pipe primarily considers its internal compressive strength. Its main purpose is to ensure smooth water flow without any damage within the designated pressure range. Consequently, its required physical properties are notably different.
As pipe distributors are well aware of these distinctions, how can ordinary consumers differentiate between them? It’s actually quite simple. By examining the imprints on the pipe wall, one can discern the differences. Reputable manufacturers or brand producers usually clearly label the product specifications, model, name, certification standards, and temperature information on the pipe. By carefully observing the pipe wall, one can easily identify the distinctions.
Therefore, LSZH conduit or PVC conduit should not be mixed with white PVC pipe as their performances are completely different, and mixing them may pose risks.
Based on the information provided, readers should have a clear understanding of the advantages of low smoke and halogen-free conduit and accessories. Here is a summary:
Low smoke and halogen-free conduit and accessories are made from materials that suppress the generation of black smoke and do not contain halogens or significant amounts of harmful gases. As a result, they are more environmentally friendly during installation and use.
LSZH conduit is more than 30% lighter than PVC conduit of the same size. This weight reduction translates to significant cost savings in installation and maintenance. Additionally, the lightweight nature of the product contributes to cost savings during transportation, indirectly reducing carbon emissions and environmental pollution.
Compared to PVC conduit, LSZH conduit significantly reduces the production of black smoke and minimizes the release of toxic gases during combustion. It also offers higher fire ratings and a wider operating temperature range, making it suitable for normal operation in extreme environments (e.g., cable protection in areas with large temperature differences, such as deserts).
Due to their excellent performance and lightweight design, low smoke and halogen-free conduit and accessories can be used in a wide range of scenarios. Here are some examples:
In schools and hospitals, where sensitive populations such as students or patients are present, there is a higher demand for environmental and building material standards. Using superior electrical conduit products can help improve the environment and safety in these settings. Ledes has been involved in various projects in this sector. For instance, in the Hospital Project in the outlying islands of Macau, contractors have consistently chosen Ledes’ low smoke and halogen-free conduit and accessories due to their commitment to creating a highly safe and secure hospital environment. The products have received positive feedback since the initial phase.
High-end hotels prioritize the use of high-quality building materials, which is understandable. Ledes has been favored by contractors in projects such as the Holiday Villa Hotel in Malaysia. They provided the second-generation low smoke and halogen-free conduit and accessories, contributing to the successful completion of the project and providing enhanced safety measures for the hotel.
Subways are underground structures with higher humidity levels compared to aboveground environments. Additionally, subway operations rely on high-voltage electricity. Inadequate protection measures can lead to serious safety incidents and significant losses. In the Melbourne Metro Project in Australia, Ledes’ designed low smoke and halogen-free conduit and accessories gained favor with the Australian government. After rigorous testing and verification, they were successfully applied to the project, ensuring the safety of this vital subway hub in Australia.
Pharmaceutical Company, Hengrui Pharma, a leading pharmaceutical companies in China, ranked the 21st out of the top 1000 global pharma firms in 2020, also chose Ledes Low Smoke Halogen Free conduits and fittings for its building construction.
These are just a few examples, and Ledes has been involved in various projects across different industries. If you would like more detailed information about the projects Ledes has participated in, please contact our business manager.
Moreover, the low smoke and halogen-free conduit and accessories can be used in many other scenarios, including:
- Residential buildings
- Theaters or large public venues
- Data centers, telecommunications, and network equipment connections and cable protection
- Elevator and power plant facilities and cable protection
- Outdoor cable protection for solar power plants
- Cable protection for new energy electric vehicles and related products
Currently, the low-smoke halogen-free series of conduits and accessories are basically consistent with PVC conduit. And Ledes is also being continuously updated. The main conduit types and accessories are as follows:
- LSZH Rigid Conduit (Medium Duty & Heavy Duty)
●LSZH Corrugated Flexible Conduit (Medium Duty & Heavy Duty)
●LSZH Communications Conduit (Medium Duty & Heavy Duty)
●LSZH Schedule 40 & 80 Rigid Electrical Conduit Pipe
●LSZH Flexible ENT Conduit
●LSZH Electrical Box
●LSZH Adaptable Boxes
●LSZH Junction Boxes
●LSZH Conduit Bend
●LSZH Conduit Elbow
●LSZH Conduit Clamp
●LSZH Conduit Adaptor
●LSZH Conduit Inspection Tee
●LSZH Conduit Coupling
If you need a catalog of Ledes’ LSZH conduit and fittings, you can download it from the download center. For the latest product information, you can click here to contact our business manager.
Because low-smoke halogen-free conduits and accessories have many advantages, many companies have begun to invest in research and development and independently manufacture low-smoke halogen-free products. We have listed the following 5 points to help you choose the right supplier.
As mentioned in the second chapter of this article, there are different standards for low-smoke halogen-free conduits and accessories in North America or Australia. So before choosing a supplier, you need to confirm whether they meet the local certification standards. This is very important!
If your supplier’s products do not meet the local certification standards, they may not pass the acceptance after construction, causing significant losses. In addition, if the products used in construction do not pass the local certification standards, once a safety accident occurs, the accountability of the contractor and the builder will be affected.
Therefore, we recommend that you must choose a certified and qualified supplier to ensure that your project proceeds normally.
In addition to looking for certified suppliers, it is well known that the various parameters of the certification also have a range of values, namely the minimum and maximum values. If the minimum value of the certification standard can be reached, it can be regarded as certified.
Why do we mention these? Because Ledes’ brand concept has always been to make the best products, we have been updating and iterating technology to achieve the highest value. For example, we mentioned the fire rating before. Ledes’ products have reached the highest level UL94V-0. Generally speaking, the more demanding the supplier is for product quality, the stronger its R&D capabilities are, and the better the quality of the product is.
Of course, before the supplier ships or after you receive the goods, you can also entrust a third-party agency to test to see whether it meets the supplier’s nominal parameters. This can also protect your rights and interests to the greatest extent.
At the same time, better product quality can ensure that the product is used for a longer time, which saves you costs in the long run. Suppose we compare a group of unqualified products with excellent products. It may be cheaper in the initial purchase of unqualified products, saving procurement costs. However, once a problem occurs later, it will cost several times more (labor, purchase of new materials, etc.) to solve the problem. So from this perspective, the unit price of high-quality products is slightly higher, but it saves you considerable costs later, which is undoubtedly more cost-effective.
Whether a supplier is reliable or not includes many dimensions. For example, whether the product is delivered on time, whether the pre-sales and after-sales service of the product is good, etc.
For brands or wholesalers looking for factories, the reliability of suppliers is often reflected in some added value. For example, the supplier’s professionalism in the product, the degree of understanding of the target market, and whether it can provide relevant value to customers. The higher the professionalism of the product, the better it can help customers to carry out market promotion in the early stage or even when the business expands, and produce products that are 100% in line with the target market. The more suppliers know about the target market, the more feasible suggestions they can provide to customers based on the standard updates of the target market or market changes, so as to help customers sell products and achieve a win-win situation.
Of course, other services such as pre-sales and after-sales services are basic services, and most suppliers can do it.
When it comes to price, generally many buyers can directly see the purchase price. But as mentioned in the second point, if our suppliers can provide high-quality products, then can products with substandard quality but low prices definitely save you costs?
Most of our customers understand this truth. Because LSZH pipes and fittings are building materials, once installed, the cost of removal and maintenance is very high, especially in countries with high labor costs. Therefore, purchasing high-quality products that meet local certification standards may seem to cost more in the early stage, but it is almost maintenance-free in the later stage, and you don’t need to pay extra costs. Even if there are some unexpected situations, you can discuss with the supplier how to solve the problem reasonably.
Compared with various regional or international industry brands on the market, I think most dealers have contact.
But if you want to find a long-term cooperative brand and get a stable supply and competitive price, it is better to cooperate with a manufacturer brand, such as Ledes. The essence of a manufacturer brand is actually a factory. The factory itself has R&D, production and sales teams, and is more adept at product R&D and manufacturing. However, in addition to the marketing content that everyone sees, the manufacturer brand generally has a series of product certifications, as well as a deep understanding of various markets and countries, which can help our customers do business in the target country.
如果您是区域经销商或者品牌经销商，不妨尝试了解我们，获取更多的信息和支持。
综上所述，低烟无卤导管是一种环保产品，对各种建筑和电力项目具有诸多优势。它们是许多对安全要求较高的应用的理想选择。
如果您还有其他问题或要求，请随时 提交表格 或者 给我们发送电子邮件。 我们将竭诚为您提供帮助。
LSZH 导管代表什么？
LSZH stands for Low Smoke Zero Halogen. This means that in the event of a fire, the material emits minimal smoke and does not release halogen gases. This is important in environments where toxic fumes must be minimized for safety.
The flame retardant raw material of LSZH conduit is aluminum trihydrate filled into the pipe, and this material absorbs heat energy and releases steam when encountering heat, thus achieving a low smoke effect. The material itself, because a new generation of composite additives is added, can reduce the smoke generated during combustion, making it more environmentally friendly.
LSZH 比 PVC 更好吗？
Yes, at least In many applications, especially where fire safety is critical. LSZH 优于 PVCPVC（聚氯乙烯）因其成本效益和耐用性而得到广泛应用，但燃烧时会产生大量有毒且腐蚀性的卤素气体。而 LSZH 则通过排放极少的烟雾和不含卤素来降低这些风险，使其成为公共建筑、学校、交通系统和数据中心的更安全选择。
PVC能做到低烟无卤吗？
不可以，PVC 不能归类为 LSZH。 PVC 本质上含有氯，这意味着它在燃烧过程中会释放卤素化合物。LSZH 材料经过特殊配制，不含卤素，因此标准 PVC 不符合 LSZH 标准。
而且PVC的高低温性能比LSZH导管差，也就是所能承受的温度极限较低，因此在极端条件下其安全性和可靠性不如LSZH导管。
LSZH 有哪些好处？
LSZH 导管有 4 个优点，
- 增强消防安全性： 火灾中，LSZH 材料产生的烟雾极少，且不产生有毒卤素气体，从而降低了对人员和急救人员的危害。此外，PVC 材料承受的温度阈值低于 LSZH 导管，因此在极端条件下其安全性和可靠性不如 LSZH 导管。
PVC导管工作温度：-15℃至+105℃（-5℉至221℉）
LSZH 导管工作温度：-45 至 +150℃（-49℉ 至 302℉）
- 改善可见性和疏散： 低烟雾产生量有助于在紧急情况下保持可见度，有助于疏散并减少恐慌。这可以为消防员赢得宝贵的救援时间，从而提高生存率。
- 设备保护： 不含腐蚀性卤素气体有助于保护敏感的电子设备和基础设施。由于LSZH导管具有更佳的性能（例如抗冲击性和刚度等），无疑为电气设备提供了更好的保护。
- 守则合规性： 许多现代安全标准和建筑法规都倾向于或要求在公共和高占用空间中使用 LSZH。
例如智利、秘鲁等国家已将低烟无卤风管的性能作为参考，要求新建建筑的风管产品必须符合标准后方可正常施工验收。
什么是 HFT 管道？
HFT导管其实有三层含义：无卤、耐火、温度稳定。 这其实和LSZH导管是同一种产品，但是是LSZH导管三大特性的缩写。
LSZH 导管的用途是什么？
LSZH 导管主要用于以下应用： 防火安全，有毒物质排放极少 至关重要。常见用途包括：
- 公共建筑和交通枢纽： 机场、火车站和购物中心
- 数据中心和医院： 敏感设备或生命攸关的操作场所
- 学校。 应用于学校，可以更好的保障孩子们学习期间的安全，这可以说是LSZH导管的经典应用之一。
- 地下和密闭空间： 隧道、地铁、太阳能发电等烟雾积聚构成重大风险的区域
PVC和低烟零卤素有什么区别？
简而言之，两者有四个区别：
- 材质成分： PVC 是一种含氯聚合物，而 LSZH 材料的配方中不含卤素。
- 燃烧行为： 燃烧时，PVC 会释放有毒卤化气体和浓烟，而 LSZH 材料产生的烟雾很少，也不产生卤素气体。
- 申请要求： 在具有严格消防安全要求的地区，通常必须使用 LSZH，而在未执行如此严格标准的地区，则可能使用 PVC。
- 制造过程中的配方。 作为低烟无卤电线管生产厂家，我们很清楚低烟无卤电线管和普通PVC管的生产材料、配方甚至工艺都是不同的，这是因为低烟无卤电线管具有PVC管所不具备的特性。
LSZH 导线管价格如何？
与标准 PVC 导管相比，LSZH 导管的价格通常略高一些。 这是由于其涉及特殊材料和制造工艺。然而，由于安全性能的提升和对现代消防法规的符合性，这项投资往往是合理的。价格可能因以下因素而异：
- 材料成本和生产量
- 认证和监管要求
- 当地市场条件和具体应用需求
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